definition of Antisocial

Antisocial Personality Disorder is a personality disorder often caused by a general disregard for social norms and cultural codes as well as the feelings and rights of others, and impulsive behavior. Concept of personality disorder antisocial in DSM-IV, while the World Health refers to the personality disorder of the application of the concept. Most people with the disease as sociopaths, psychopaths, and sometimes unfair when you consider that what differentiates this disease.

In another, the term is sometimes also asked to name the people who volunteered on the margins of society, like punk.

Introduction

Sociopathy is considered a personality disorder, in which the primary identification is the limited ability of people to try with symptoms of the disease, human emotions, both for others and self-esteem. This may explain the lack of empathy for the suffering of others, shows the inability of emotion associated with either empathy or suffering is experience.

The approach used by many practitioners of psychology, welfare or the right side (side of the defense), a person who does not behave properly and / or violence and sociopathic. It is a debate in the scientific, philosophical and political.

Other approaches, including behavioral research transferable to humans, some researchers believe (Konrad Lorenz, and behavioral), many Americans that human behavior strategy of eschewing violence and / or the assumption that the (not necessarily the lack of emotion or empathy, cheaters and manipulators will not fail), but the narcissistic choice, under the principle of pleasure and / or the ease and profitability. Other specialists in human ethology, but, as Boris Cyrulnik such differentiated views.

Foraging behavior and risks of drug use may also be a way to access it from an emotional void. The anger and fear by some psychopath with certain forms of antisocial personality disorder are connected, be regarded as limiting the ability to experience emotion. The diagnosis of personality disorder antisocial is more common in men than in women, although there are many cases of women in the last années.1

Research on this subject have shown that people with a real disease, disorder, antisocial personality, the possibility of physical pain or punishment, are indifferent, and show no sign of fear when they are threatened by suffering.

Diagnosis  

Disorder antisocial personality and the concept of psychopathy can be assessed accurately and diagnostic tests interviews, questionnaires and testimonies from colleagues and family. The PCL-R is a point of reference for the diagnosis of psychopathy among the male population.
Diagnostic criteria (DSM-IV-TR) [edit]

The DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders), a manual used to diagnose various diseases and mental disorders, antisocial personality is defined as a pervasive pattern of indifference and human encroachment into other the mental age of 15 years reported by three or more of the following symptoms:
Inability to identify social norms regarding the legitimate behavior with repeated arrests;
Fraud, cheating, satisfaction using false identities or manipulation of others for profit or personal;
Impulsivity or failure to pay;
Irritability and aggressiveness, as indicated in the result of conflict and physical aggression;
Disregard for the safety of others or themselves;
chronic irresponsibility or an inability to obtain a promise given and honor financial obligations;
Lack of remorse or guilt, as indicated by the indifference or the systematic search for excuses, having hurt, mistreated, cheated and stolen from others.

The manual lists also meet the following criteria:
There are signs of abnormal behavior stems from the time 15 years ago;
The frequency of antisocial behavior is not limited to episodes of mania or schizophrenia.
 
Diagnostic criteria (ICD-10)  

Chapter V contains the tenth revision of ICD, a number of criteria for the diagnosis of personality disorder.

Personality disorder (F60.2), usually seen as a great disparity between behavior and social norms, which is characterized by:
cool contempt for the feelings of others
the attitude of irresponsibility and disregard for rules, norms and social commitments,
low frustration tolerance and low threshold for discharge of aggression, including violence,
Inability to feel guilt or to profit from experience, particularly punishment
Tendency to blame others or rationalize excuses for the behavior, the issue in conflict with society.

Can also be permanently associated with irritability associated. Behavior disorders in children and adolescents, although sometimes lacking, can strengthen the diagnosis.

Causes 

The cause of this disease is unknown, but genetic factors and biological [ref. necessary] could be involved. The childhood abuse or exposure to violence at a young age also count in May. A history of behavioral problems in the family increases the likelihood of the disorder. A number of environmental factors which may in homes, schools and places as being very strict at home or in school also contribute.

Robbins (1996) found a higher incidence of sociopathic characteristics and alcoholism among relatives of people with antisocial personality disorder. He also discovered that in families where men had a higher incidence, while women had a higher incidence of somatization, however.

Bowlby (1944) have demonstrated a link between antisocial personality disorder and the language of alienation in the first five years of life. The observed Glueck (1968) that mothers of children with the disease develop a general lack of consistent discipline and affection, and an abnormal tendency to alcoholism and impulsiveness. All these factors lead to the creation and maintenance of a relationship, a stable family structure and set limits on behavior.

Adoption studies confirm the role of genetic and environmental factors for disease development. Two studies also show a degree of heritability of antisocial behavior and have shown that genetic factors are important in adults than in children or adolescents, antisocial, so that environmental factors predominate.

Symptoms  

The common characteristics of people with personality disorder antisocial are:
Candidates in conflict with the law
The tendency to violate the rights of others (property, physical, sexual, psychological or legal)
An aggressive, often violent
The difficulties in maintaining employment
A constant feeling of anxiety or depression (dysphoria)
The inability to tolerate boredom
Disregard for safety of self or others
A child behavioral problems
A superficial approach to seduction
Impulsivity
Lack of guilt

People with personality disorder antisocial often have problems with authority figures.
Frequency [edit]

A national survey of DSM-III-R showed that 5.8% of men and 1.2% of women at increased risk of developing the disease at any time in their lives. Prisons, the percentage up to 75%. The frequency estimates are based on clinical diagnostic criteria leads to results that 3 to 30% vary the prevailing characteristics of the populations studied is based, as) prisoners (including violence. The frequency of the disease is more high in patients after discontinuation of treatment for alcohol or other drugs are treated in the rest of the population, suggesting a link between addiction and disease.

Warning of a possible  

Although not formally diagnosed until the disease in adulthood are, there are three signs of the disease, as the MacDonald Triad, which can be detected in some younger children. These signs are an unusually long period of bedwetting, cruelty to animals and pyromania. It is not known what proportion of children who exhibit these symptoms develop later problems of antisocial personality, but these symptoms are often in the past, adults with the diagnosis. 
The meaning of these characters can not easily calculate the number of children to determine who develop the disease. These characters are now included in DSM-IV under the category of disorders. A child who shows signs of disorder antisocial personality disorder may be associated with conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorder diagnosed. All these children do not develop the disease.